Refrigerator Parts: Everything You Need to Know

What Are the Different Parts of a Refrigerator and How Do They Function?

1. Compressor

The compressor, usually found at the back or bottom of a fridge, is one of its key parts. Its job is to move the refrigerant through the system by compressing it, which increases both pressure and temperature. This process turns the refrigerant into a hot, high-pressure gas that flows into the condenser coils. There, the gas gives off heat and cools, allowing the refrigeration cycle to continue.

2. Condenser Coils

Condenser coils, much like the compressor, are generally positioned at the back or underneath the fridge. After the refrigerant has been pressurized and heated, it moves through these coils. As it passes along them, the heat is released, causing the refrigerant to cool and transform into a liquid state, preparing it for the next stage of the cooling process.

3. Evaporator Coils

Inside the fridge are the evaporator coils, where the refrigerant arrives in its chilled liquid form after leaving the condenser. As the warm air from the interior meets these coils, heat is drawn out, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and shift into a gaseous state. This process lowers the temperature of the air inside, keeping the refrigerator cool.

4. Expansion Valve

Positioned between the condenser and evaporator coils, the expansion valve controls how much refrigerant moves into the evaporator. As it passes through the valve, the refrigerant’s pressure drops, changing it into a cooler, low-pressure liquid that’s ready to flow into the evaporator coils.

5. Thermostat

Mounted on the inner wall of the fridge, the thermostat keeps track of the internal temperature. When the air inside gets too warm or too cold, it signals the compressor to switch on or off, helping the appliance maintain a steady, cool environment.

6. Door Gasket

The door gasket is a flexible rubber seal running along the edges of the refrigerator door. Its purpose is to create a tight closure when the door is shut, stopping cold air from leaking out and warm air from getting in. This helps the fridge stay energy-efficient and maintain a steady temperature inside.

7. Shelves and Drawers

Inside most fridges, you’ll find a combination of shelves and drawers designed for organizing food. Certain drawers serve specific functions—for example, crisper drawers are made to control humidity, helping fruits and vegetables stay fresh longer.

8. Water Dispenser and Ice Maker

Often built into the fridge door, the water dispenser delivers filtered water through an external access point. The ice maker, on the other hand, is equipped with a sensor that tracks the ice level and automatically refills the tray with new cubes when the supply runs low.

9. Control Panel

A lot of modern fridges include a control panel on the front door. From this panel, you can manage different functions such as adjusting the temperature, turning on energy-saving options, and operating the water and ice dispensers.

10. Interior Lights

Fridges are equipped with interior lights that switch on automatically when the door is opened, lighting up the inside for better visibility. Many newer models use LED bulbs, which are designed to last for the lifetime of the appliance.

11. Evaporator Fan

Positioned close to the evaporator coils, the evaporator fan moves air across them, spreading chilled air evenly throughout the fridge. This airflow helps eliminate warm areas and keeps the temperature consistent in all compartments.

12. Water Filter

Water filters, usually situated close to the fridge’s water dispenser, clean the water by removing contaminants, ensuring safe and fresh drinking water. To keep them working effectively, filters must be replaced periodically. The replacement schedule varies by filter type, so refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines.

13. Drip Pan

Located under the fridge beneath the condenser coils, the drip pan catches condensation and excess water from the defrost system, keeping it from spilling onto the floor. SD Appliance Repair. Inspecting and cleaning the pan a few times a year helps maintain proper drainage and prevents buildup.

14. Start Relay

Positioned close to the compressor, the start relay delivers a burst of power to get the compressor running. After the compressor starts, the relay shuts off and stops supplying power.

15. Overload Protector

Situated close to the compressor, the overload protector safeguards it from overheating. If the compressor gets too hot or pulls excessive current, the protector shuts it off to prevent damage.

16. Control Board

Commonly called the motherboard, the control board is typically found at the back of the fridge or inside the control panel. It oversees the operation of key parts, such as the compressor and fans, using data from sensors and the thermostat to manage cooling cycles and other functions.

How to Maintain the Different Parts of a Refrigerator

Regular upkeep is key to keeping your refrigerator running smoothly and extending its lifespan. In addition to routinely cleaning the interior and exterior to avoid odors, it’s important to examine the door gaskets about every three months. SD Appliance Repair. Look for cracks or tears that could let cold air escape and lower energy efficiency. Dirt and grime can also compromise the seal, so wipe the gaskets with a damp cloth periodically.

The condenser coils should be checked roughly every six months, as dust and debris can build up and force the fridge to work harder.
Cleaning them twice a year with a vacuum or coil brush helps maintain efficiency and longevity.

Finally, take a look at the drip pan every few months. Empty any collected water and clean it to ensure proper drainage and prevent moisture buildup.